Nigeria revises population policy

Nigeria is set to embark on a new chapter in its efforts to address the country's high fertility rate and ensure sustainable development through a revised national policy on population. This policy aims to expand nationwide access to modern contraceptive methods, but it comes with its own set of challenges and opportunities. Bongo Adi, a senior lecturer at the Lagos Business School and a Developmental Economist, sheds light on the implications of this new policy. One of the key challenges facing Nigeria is the lack of accurate demographic data. The last census conducted in the country was in 2006, and the results are still being contested. This presents a significant hurdle in formulating effective policies to address the fertility rate. Additionally, Nigeria's population is split almost evenly between Islam and Christianity, and religious beliefs may conflict with the government's fertility reduction policy. The government is planning a national population and housing census to provide accurate data for policy implementation, but past census efforts have been marred by various obstacles. Despite the challenges, a census is crucial to informing government decisions and developing strategies to manage the population effectively. In addition to demographic challenges, Nigeria also grapples with economic issues that impact population growth. Adi highlights the government's failure to create enough jobs to accommodate the growing population. Addressing unemployment and creating a conducive environment for job creation are essential components of any population policy. The country's demographic landscape presents both challenges and opportunities. Nigeria is home to a youthful population, with 72% under the age of 30, positioning it for a potential demographic dividend. Leveraging this youthful workforce requires investments in education and skill development to enhance productivity and drive economic growth. Education emerges as a critical factor in population control. Research suggests that educated individuals are more likely to make informed choices regarding family planning. While the government has been expanding access to family planning services at the grassroots level, voluntary compliance remains a key issue. Poverty also influences fertility rates, as individuals in lower-income brackets tend to have more children. The impact of high fertility rates on Nigeria's sustainable development goals cannot be overlooked. With the country aiming to achieve significant milestones by 2030, population dynamics play a crucial role in shaping its future. The demographic trends indicate that even with immediate intervention, the effects of population control policies may take generations to manifest. Despite the challenges, Nigeria must navigate the complex landscape of population policy and sustainable development. Accurate demographic data, education, job creation, and poverty alleviation are key areas that require attention to harness the potential benefits of a youthful population. Adi's insights shed light on the multifaceted nature of Nigeria's population challenges and the strategies needed to achieve a balance between demographic control and economic growth.